Les dix niveaux d'organisations territoriales en France

Je me suis amusé à compter de combien de collectivités locales et de groupes d'élus locaux je dépends. C'est impressionnant en vérité :

1. La commune. Et encore, si j'habitais une grande ville, il y aurait deux niveaux : commune et arrondissement, avec mairie d'arrondissement en supplément.

2. La communauté de communes, regroupement de communes. Ma commune appartient à la "Communauté de communes de l'Ouest de la Plaine de France" depuis 2002. Elle reçoit des impôts et a des élus, provenant des conseils municipaux des communes membres.

3. Le canton. Les délégués cantonaux sont des élus qui existent pour de vrai !! On en entend parler au moment des élections cantonales, et puis c'est tout. Je n'ai absolument aucune idée à quoi il sert. Dans ma campagne Valdoisienne, un canton regroupe quelques villages, peut-être 20.000 habitants. Des fois, un canton = une ville, ou un quartier.

4. La circonscription.  Elle regroupe quelques cantons. On peut dire aussi qu'une circonscription est divisée en canton. L'élu de la circonscription est... le député bien sûr. Attention, canton et circonscription ne sont pas des collectivités locales, même s'ils ont des élus ; on ne paient pas d'impôts locaux pour ces élus, même si ça ne veut pas dire qu'ils ne coûtent rien !

5. Le département. Ca au moins on sait tous dans quel département on habite. Le département a une assemblée d'élus (les conseillers généraux) et perçoit des impôts.

6. La région.  Elle a de plus en plus de pouvoirs, et la présidence du conseil régional exerce toutes les convoitises.

7. L'état, oui, bien sûr, nous sommes en France.

8. L'Europe, avec son assemblée d'élus locaux.

 

Donc 8 couches, ou 9 si on compte les arrondissements. Et on peut aller jusqu'à 10 si on distingue l'intercommunalité et le syndicat de communes. Il paraît que ce sont deux machins différents auxquels on paie des impôts locaux différents, mais je ne sais pas pourquoi.

 

Bien sûr, chaque couche a son "utilité" :

  • la cantine de l'école primaire est gérée par des conseillers municipaux de la commune,
  • la cantine du collège par des conseillers généraux du département. J'ai déjà rencontré un conseiller général au collège pour cela.
  • et la cantine du lycée par les conseillers régionaux de la région.

Les trois cantines sont distantes de moins de 300 mètres. Question subsidiaire : le restau U de la fac est géré par... euhhh ?

 

Ce qui est sympa aussi, c'est d'habiter à la limite de deux collectivités territoriales. Par exemple vous habitez dans l'Oise, à Orry La Ville par exemple, à la limite de la Picardie et de l'Ile de France. C'est à 40 km de Paris, où vous allez travailler en RER. Eh bien il vous faut deux abonnements de transport différents : un valable sur la région Ile de France (carte Orange), et un autre valable en Picardie. Ce genre de complication marche aussi avec les communes, quand vous êtes plus proche du lycée ou du bureau de poste voisin que du "votre".

 

Les collectivités territoriales : pourquoi faire simple quand on peut faire compliqué ?

 

Posted on 2/27/2009 5:51:00 AM by PierreMF

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